Multivitamin/mineral supplements … people expect this type of supplement to improve their health. However, the efficacy of these supplements to prevent chronic disease or premature death is not proven, and the National Institutes of Health do not recommend multivitamin/mineral supplements for this purpose …. in the current study, there was no clear decrease or increase in mortality from all causes, cardiovascular diseases, or cancer among multivitamin supplement users. Moreover, the risk of morbidity from overall or major cancers did not differ between multivitamin users and nonusers
Tag Archive: Jeff Novick (shared)
Crowe et al. (2011) Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heart study
A higher intake of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a lower risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) …. assess the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of mortality from IHD …. each 80 g increase in intake was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of IHD mortality of 15% for women …. reduction for men was smaller (2%) and not statistically significant …. Participants consuming at least eight portions (80 g each) of fruits and vegetables a day had a 22% lower risk of fatal IHD …. compared with those consuming fewer than three portions a day …. only three (Greece, Italy, and Spain) of the eight countries had a mean intake greater than 5 servings per day …. The grouping for vegetables did not include potatoes or dried beans due to the different carbohydrate and energy compositions of these plant foods
Gomez-Huelgas et al. (2011) Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in an urban adult population from southern Spain. IMAP Study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality in Spain, accounting for 33% of all deaths …. the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in Spain have all risen over the past 20 years …. the highest child and adolescent obesity rates in Europe …. Over 60% were either overweight or obese, and 76.7% had a sedentary lifestyle … Above the age of 50 years, 82.4% of the population had abdominal obesity and 84.1% were over-weight or obese. The prevalence of hypertension, dysglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia was 66.2%, 47.1% and 83% respectively …. A low educational level was associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors
Fung et al. (2010) Low-carbohydrate diets and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: two cohort studies
A vegetable-based low-carbohydrate diet is probably healthier than an animal-based low-carbohydrate diet …. Diets that emphasized animal sources of fat and protein were associated with higher all-cause, cardiovascular, and cancer mortality, whereas diets that emphasized vegetable sources of fat and protein were associated with lower all-cause and cardiovascular mortality …. Both men and women who had higher overall and animal low-carbohydrate scores had higher BMI and were more likely to be current smokers but had lower intakes of fruits and vegetables
Wolfram et al. (2010) Efficacy of diets containing high amounts of fiber in the management of type 2 diabetes
Plant-based diets represent a relatively novel dietary intervention in the treatment and management of type 2 diabetes …. The vegan diet contained more carbohydrate, fiber, and micronutrients than the American Diabetes Association (ADA) diet …. Diets rich in whole grains (thus containing high amounts of fiber) have positive effects on insulin sensitivity, fasting concentrations of insulin and glucose, and insulin and glucose AUC. Finally, complete plant-based diets devoid of any animal products appear to reduce blood glucose, body weight, HDL and HbA1C
Mozaffarian et al. (2010) Dietary guidelines in the 21st century–A time for food
translation of nutrient-based targets to the public has proven difficult. Few individuals can accurately gauge daily consumption of calories, fats, cholesterol, fiber, or salt … a focus on foods increases the likelihood of consuming more healthy nutrients and fewer calories and decreasing chronic disease risk, whereas the opposite has arguably occurred through decades of nutrient-focused guidelines … nutrient targets should largely be replaced by food-based targets
