The present study is the first to evaluate … a comprehensive lifestyle intervention that included a low-fat, whole-foods, plant-based diet, exercise, stress management, and group support meetings …. At 3 months, significant changes in diet with a reduction in calories, protein, fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, and so-dium intake and an increase in carbohydrates, fiber, vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium, and iron were observed
Category Archives: Health Risks
Crowe et al. (2011) Fruit and vegetable intake and mortality from ischaemic heart disease: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)-Heart study
A higher intake of fruits and vegetables has been associated with a lower risk of ischaemic heart disease (IHD) …. assess the relation between fruit and vegetable intake and risk of mortality from IHD …. each 80 g increase in intake was associated with a significant reduction in the risk of IHD mortality of 15% for women …. reduction for men was smaller (2%) and not statistically significant …. Participants consuming at least eight portions (80 g each) of fruits and vegetables a day had a 22% lower risk of fatal IHD …. compared with those consuming fewer than three portions a day …. only three (Greece, Italy, and Spain) of the eight countries had a mean intake greater than 5 servings per day …. The grouping for vegetables did not include potatoes or dried beans due to the different carbohydrate and energy compositions of these plant foods
Gomez-Huelgas et al. (2011) Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in an urban adult population from southern Spain. IMAP Study
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the main cause of mortality in Spain, accounting for 33% of all deaths …. the prevalence of obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia in Spain have all risen over the past 20 years …. the highest child and adolescent obesity rates in Europe …. Over 60% were either overweight or obese, and 76.7% had a sedentary lifestyle … Above the age of 50 years, 82.4% of the population had abdominal obesity and 84.1% were over-weight or obese. The prevalence of hypertension, dysglycaemia and hypercholesterolaemia was 66.2%, 47.1% and 83% respectively …. A low educational level was associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors
Danaei et. al. (2009) The preventable causes of death in the United States: comparative risk assessment of dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors
“estimate the mortality effects of the following 12 modifiable dietary, lifestyle, and metabolic risk factors …. tobacco smoking and high blood pressure were responsible for an estimated 467,000 … and 395,000 deaths, accounting for about one in five or six deaths in US adults. Overweight–obesity (216,000) and physical inactivity (191,000) were each responsible for nearly 1 in 10 deaths. High dietary salt (102,000), low dietary omega-3 fatty acids (84,000), and high dietary trans fatty acids (82,000).”
